KMID : 0545120190290020244
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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2019 Volume.29 No. 2 p.244 ~ p.255
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Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of a Xylose Isomerase (PbXI) from the Psychrophilic Soil Microorganism, Paenibacillus sp.
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Park Sun-Ha
Kwon Sung-Hark Lee Chang-Woo Kim Chang-Min Jeong Chang-Sook Kim Kyung-Jin Hong Jong-Wook Kim Hak-Jun Park Hyun-Ho Lee Jun-Hyuck
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Abstract
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Xylose isomerase (XI; E.C. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the isomerization of xylose to xylulose, which can be used to produce bioethanol through fermentation. Therefore, XI has recently gained attention as a key catalyst in the bioenergy industry. Here, we identified, purified, and characterized a XI (PbXI) from the psychrophilic soil microorganism, Paenibacillus sp. R4. Surprisingly, activity assay results showed that PbXI is not a cold-active enzyme, but displays optimal activity at 60¡ÆC. We solved the crystal structure of PbXI at 1.94-A resolution to investigate the origin of its thermostability. The PbXI structure shows a (¥â/¥á)8-barrel fold with tight tetrameric interactions and it has three divalent metal ions (CaI, CaII, and CaIII). Two metal ions (CaI and CaII) located in the active site are known to be involved in the enzymatic reaction. The third metal ion (CaIII), located near the ¥â4-¥á6 loop region, was newly identified and is thought to be important for the stability of PbXI. Compared with previously determined thermostable and mesophilic XI structures, the ¥â1-¥á2 loop structures near the substrate binding pocket of PbXI were remarkably different. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that the flexible ¥â1-¥á2 loop region is essential for PbXI activity. Our findings provide valuable insights that can be applied in protein engineering to generate lowtemperature purpose-specific XI enzymes.
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KEYWORD
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Cold-active protein, crystal structure, paenibacillus species, xylose isomerase, X-ray crystallography
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